The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.5 trillion respectively as of 2020 ), following the New York metropolitan area's $1.7 trillion. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind Germany and ahead of India, as well as the 37th most populous. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. The economy of the state of California is the largest in the United States, with a $3.37 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022.

California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km 2), it is the most populous U.S. California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast.

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